菜鳥工程師肉豬: Eclipse 建立Struts 1專案

2021/1/31

Eclipse 建立Struts 1專案

2021年在Eclipse建立古老的Struts 1專案。

範例環境：

Windows 64bit
jdk 1.8.0_171
Eclipse EE Version: 2019-03 (4.11.0)
Tomcat 9.0.37

安裝Eclipse並設定好Tomcat Server，然後在Eclipse建立Maven Web專案。

新增Maven專案時archetype選擇maven-archetype-webapp。

範例專案的archetype參數設定如下。

[Group Id]:com.abc
[Artifact Id]:struts-demo
[Version]:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[Package]:com.abc.demo

struts1-demo專案建立好後開啟pom.xml加入struts1相關的依賴如下。

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
   <artifactId>struts-core</artifactId>
   <version>1.3.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
   <artifactId>struts-taglib</artifactId>
   <version>1.3.10</version>
</dependency>

範例專案的pom.xml設定如下。

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.abc</groupId>
    <artifactId>struts1-demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>struts1-demo Maven Webapp</name>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
            <artifactId>struts-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
            <artifactId>struts-taglib</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.10</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>struts1-demo</finalName>
        <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using 
                Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.1.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.0.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.8.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.22.1</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.2.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.5.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.8.2</version>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
</project>

開啟web.xml，把<web-app> 2.3改為3.1（因為2.3的isELIgnored預設為true，JSP的EL會被當一般字串處理。）。加入Struts1的ActionServlet的servlet mapping，任何以.do結尾的url request都交由Struts1的ActionServlet處理，並設定/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml為Struts1的設定檔。首頁設為index.jsp。

web.xml

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
    version="3.1">
    
    <display-name>Struts1 Demo</display-name>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>config</param-name>
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!-- Standard Action Servlet Mapping -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

在/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF目錄新增struts-config.xml檔為struts 1的配置檔。設定/hello request 的action-mapping到com.abc.demo.action.HelloAction及forward到/WEB-INF/pages/hello.jsp頁面。

struts-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
          "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.3//EN"
          "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_3.dtd">

<struts-config>

    <form-beans>
    </form-beans>

    <global-exceptions>
    </global-exceptions>

    <global-forwards>
    </global-forwards>

    <action-mappings>
        <action path="/hello" type="com.abc.demo.action.HelloAction">
            <forward name="hello" path="/WEB-INF/pages/hello.jsp" />
        </action>
    </action-mappings>

</struts-config>

在Java Resources的src/main/java新增com.abc.demo.action.HelloAction，繼承Struts 1的Action並覆寫execute()方法。

HelloAction

package com.abc.demo.action;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;

public class HelloAction extends Action {

    @Override
    public ActionForward execute(
            ActionMapping mapping, 
            ActionForm form, 
            HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        
        System.out.println("HelloAction.execute()...");
        
        String name = request.getParameter("name");
        
        System.out.println("name=" + name);
        
        request.setAttribute("name", name);

        return mapping.findForward("hello");
    }

}

HelloAction.execute()方法根據struts-config.xml的action-mapping設定收到/hello request後取得url參數name，然後轉交給hello.jsp。

在/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages目錄下新增hello.jsp。

hello.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Hello</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Hello ${name}</h1>
</body>
</html>

完成以上設定後將專案加入Tomcat Server並啟動，然後在瀏覽器輸入http://localhost:8080/struts1-demo/hello.do?name=SkyWalker會顯示以下結果。

範例專案結構如下。

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