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2023/12/28

Kubernates Hello Minikube操作記錄

本篇依照官方教學Hello Minikube進行操作。


範例環境：

  • MacBook Pro Apple M1 Pro (ARM64)
  • macOS Ventura 13.0.1
  • Docker Desktop 4.21.1


事前要求

參考「Mac ARM64 Kubernetes minikube安裝」以Homebrew安裝minikube。


建立Minikube cluster

Cluster是指Nodes的集合，為一組負責運行應用程式容器的機器（實體或虛擬機）。一個Node中含有多個Pods，每個Pod代表多個運行容器。

開啟終端機，輸入minikube start建立minikube cluster。

% minikube start
😄  minikube v1.32.0 on Darwin 13.0.1 (arm64)
✨  Automatically selected the docker driver
📌  Using Docker Desktop driver with root privileges
👍  Starting control plane node minikube in cluster minikube
🚜  Pulling base image ...
💾  Downloading Kubernetes v1.28.3 preload ...
    > preloaded-images-k8s-v18-v1...:  341.16 MiB / 341.16 MiB  100.00% 16.92 M
    > gcr.io/k8s-minikube/kicbase...:  410.58 MiB / 410.58 MiB  100.00% 16.11 M
🔥  Creating docker container (CPUs=2, Memory=4000MB) ...
🐳  Preparing Kubernetes v1.28.3 on Docker 24.0.7 ...
    ▪ Generating certificates and keys ...
    ▪ Booting up control plane ...
    ▪ Configuring RBAC rules ...
🔗  Configuring bridge CNI (Container Networking Interface) ...
🔎  Verifying Kubernetes components...
    ▪ Using image gcr.io/k8s-minikube/storage-provisioner:v5
🌟  Enabled addons: storage-provisioner, default-storageclass
🏄  Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube" cluster and "default" namespace by default


開啟Kubernates Dashboard

Kubernates Dashboard是管理Kubernates的網頁圖形介面，可用來部署容器應用程式到Kubernates cluster，監控應用程式狀態、排查錯誤和管理資源。

開啟新的終端機，輸入minikube dashboard開啟Dashboard。

% minikube dashboard
🔌  Enabling dashboard ...
    ▪ Using image docker.io/kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8
    ▪ Using image docker.io/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0
💡  Some dashboard features require the metrics-server addon. To enable all features please run:

	minikube addons enable metrics-server


🤔  Verifying dashboard health ...
🚀  Launching proxy ...
🤔  Verifying proxy health ...
🎉  Opening http://127.0.0.1:50530/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/ in your default browser...

執行後會在瀏覽器開啟Dashboard使用者介面。




建立Kubernates Deployment

Kubernates Deployment（部署）是用來管理Pods的建立、擴展、監控Pods健康狀態並在其終止時重啟的元件。

在終端機輸入kubectl create deployment hello-node --image=registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.39 -- /agnhost netexec --http-port=8080建立一個Deployment hello-node來在Pods的容器中運行一個指定的image registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.39，port為8080。

% kubectl create deployment hello-node --image=registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.39 -- /agnhost netexec --http-port=8080
deployment.apps/hello-node created


檢視Kubernates Deployment

輸入kubectl get deployments檢視Deployment。

% kubectl get deployments
NAME         READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
hello-node   1/1     1            1           20s


檢視Pods

輸入kubectl get pods檢視Pods。

% kubectl get pods
NAME                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
hello-node-ccf4b9788-5h7k2   1/1     Running   0          33s


檢視Kubernates cluster事件

輸入kubectl get events檢視Kubernates cluster事件。

% kubectl get events
LAST SEEN   TYPE     REASON                    OBJECT                            MESSAGE
51s         Normal   Scheduled                 pod/hello-node-ccf4b9788-5h7k2    Successfully assigned default/hello-node-ccf4b9788-5h7k2 to minikube
51s         Normal   Pulling                   pod/hello-node-ccf4b9788-5h7k2    Pulling image "registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.39"
42s         Normal   Pulled                    pod/hello-node-ccf4b9788-5h7k2    Successfully pulled image "registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.39" in 8.741s (8.741s including waiting)
42s         Normal   Created                   pod/hello-node-ccf4b9788-5h7k2    Created container agnhost
42s         Normal   Started                   pod/hello-node-ccf4b9788-5h7k2    Started container agnhost
51s         Normal   SuccessfulCreate          replicaset/hello-node-ccf4b9788   Created pod: hello-node-ccf4b9788-5h7k2
51s         Normal   ScalingReplicaSet         deployment/hello-node             Scaled up replica set hello-node-ccf4b9788 to 1
4m27s       Normal   Starting                  node/minikube                     Starting kubelet.
4m27s       Normal   NodeAllocatableEnforced   node/minikube                     Updated Node Allocatable limit across pods
4m27s       Normal   NodeHasSufficientMemory   node/minikube                     Node minikube status is now: NodeHasSufficientMemory
4m27s       Normal   NodeHasNoDiskPressure     node/minikube                     Node minikube status is now: NodeHasNoDiskPressure
4m27s       Normal   NodeHasSufficientPID      node/minikube                     Node minikube status is now: NodeHasSufficientPID
4m13s       Normal   RegisteredNode            node/minikube                     Node minikube event: Registered Node minikube in Controller


檢視kubectl配置

輸入kubectl config view檢視kubectl配置。

% kubectl config view
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority: /Users/user/.minikube/ca.crt
    extensions:
    - extension:
        last-update: Thu, 28 Dec 2023 16:56:28 CST
        provider: minikube.sigs.k8s.io
        version: v1.32.0
      name: cluster_info
    server: https://127.0.0.1:50502
  name: minikube
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: minikube
    extensions:
    - extension:
        last-update: Thu, 28 Dec 2023 16:56:28 CST
        provider: minikube.sigs.k8s.io
        version: v1.32.0
      name: context_info
    namespace: default
    user: minikube
  name: minikube
current-context: minikube
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: minikube
  user:
    client-certificate: /Users/user/.minikube/profiles/minikube/client.crt
    client-key: /Users/user/.minikube/profiles/minikube/client.key


檢視Pods容器應用程式的log

輸入kubectl logs hello-node-ccf4b9788-5h7k2檢視Pods hello-node-ccf4b9788-5h7k2容器中應用程式的log。

% kubectl logs hello-node-ccf4b9788-5h7k2
I1228 09:00:13.812161       1 log.go:195] Started HTTP server on port 8080
I1228 09:00:13.812267       1 log.go:195] Started UDP server on port  8081


建立Kubernates Service

建立Kubernates Service（服務）是指對外曝露Pods容器中運行的網路應用程式。

輸入kubectl expose deployment hello-node --type=LoadBalancer --port=8080將Deployment hello-node管理的Pods容器中的服務對外曝露Port 8080。--type=LoadBalancer的作用是配發一個固定外部IP給Service。

kubectl expose deployment hello-node --type=LoadBalancer --port=8080

service/hello-node exposed


檢視Serivce

輸入kubectl get services檢視Service。

% kubectl get services
NAME         TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
hello-node   LoadBalancer   10.96.217.22   <pending>     8080:32153/TCP   17s
kubernetes   ClusterIP      10.96.0.1      <none>        443/TCP          6m29s

輸入minikube service hello-node在瀏覽器開啟對外曝露Pods中的應用程式。

% minikube service hello-node
|-----------|------------|-------------|---------------------------|
| NAMESPACE |    NAME    | TARGET PORT |            URL            |
|-----------|------------|-------------|---------------------------|
| default   | hello-node |        8080 | http://192.168.49.2:32153 |
|-----------|------------|-------------|---------------------------|
🏃  Starting tunnel for service hello-node.
|-----------|------------|-------------|------------------------|
| NAMESPACE |    NAME    | TARGET PORT |          URL           |
|-----------|------------|-------------|------------------------|
| default   | hello-node |             | http://127.0.0.1:50764 |
|-----------|------------|-------------|------------------------|
🎉  Opening service default/hello-node in default browser...
❗  Because you are using a Docker driver on darwin, the terminal needs to be open to run it.

執行後在瀏覽器會開啟如下：



在Dashboard可看到Kubernates的狀態。




刪除Service

輸入kubectl delete service hello-node刪除hello-node Service。

% kubectl delete service hello-node
service "hello-node" deleted

檢視Services可看見hello-node Service已消失。

% kubectl get services
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1    <none>        443/TCP   18h


刪除Deployment

輸入kubectl delete deployment hello-node刪除hello-node Deployment。

% kubectl delete deployment hello-node
deployment.apps "hello-node" deleted

檢視Pods可看見hello-node Pods已消失。

% kubectl get pods
No resources found in default namespace.


停止Minikube cluster

輸入minikube stop停止Minikube cluster。

% minikube stop
✋  Stopping node "minikube"  ...
🛑  Powering off "minikube" via SSH ...
🛑  1 node stopped.


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