本篇參考官方教學Using kubectl to Create a Deployment進行操作。
範例環境：
- MacBook Pro Apple M1 Pro (ARM64)
- macOS Ventura 13.0.1
- Docker Desktop 4.21.1
事前要求
參考「Mac ARM64 Kubernetes minikube安裝」以Homebrew安裝minikube。
建立Cluster
開啟終端機，輸入minikube start建立minikube cluster。
% minikube start
😄 minikube v1.32.0 on Darwin 13.0.1 (arm64)
✨ Using the docker driver based on existing profile
👍 Starting control plane node minikube in cluster minikube
🚜 Pulling base image ...
🔄 Restarting existing docker container for "minikube" ...
🐳 Preparing Kubernetes v1.28.3 on Docker 24.0.7 ...
🔗 Configuring bridge CNI (Container Networking Interface) ...
🔎 Verifying Kubernetes components...
▪ Using image docker.io/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0
▪ Using image gcr.io/k8s-minikube/storage-provisioner:v5
▪ Using image docker.io/kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8
💡 Some dashboard features require the metrics-server addon. To enable all features please run:
minikube addons enable metrics-server
🌟 Enabled addons: storage-provisioner, default-storageclass, dashboard
🏄 Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube" cluster and "default" namespace by default
建立Deployment
在終端機輸入kubectl create deployment kubernetes-bootcamp --image=gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1建立一個Deployment kubernetes-bootcamp來在Pods的容器中運行一個指定的image gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1。
% kubectl create deployment kubernetes-bootcamp --image=gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1
deployment.apps/kubernetes-bootcamp created
檢視Deployment
輸入kubectl get deployments檢視Deployment。
% kubectl get deployments
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp 1/1 1 1 12s
檢視Pods
輸入kubectl get pods檢視Pods清單。可以看到一個運行的Pod名稱為kubernetes-bootcamp-f95c5b745-ckkdz。
% kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp-f95c5b745-ckkdz 1/1 Running 0 55s
輸入kubectl describe pods <POD_NAME>，檢視Pod詳細資訊，<POD_NAME>為Pod名稱。
% kubectl describe pods kubernetes-bootcamp-f95c5b745-ckkdz
Name: kubernetes-bootcamp-f95c5b745-ckkdz
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Service Account: default
Node: minikube/192.168.49.2
Start Time: Fri, 29 Dec 2023 17:02:20 +0800
Labels: app=kubernetes-bootcamp
pod-template-hash=f95c5b745
Annotations: <none>
Status: Running
IP: 10.244.0.9
IPs:
IP: 10.244.0.9
Controlled By: ReplicaSet/kubernetes-bootcamp-f95c5b745
Containers:
kubernetes-bootcamp:
Container ID: docker://34879d22314d40c087c21558114fd24d4eba1f7b4ceea5a1fdfeae77b5fe76b4
Image: gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1
Image ID: docker-pullable://gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp@sha256:0d6b8ee63bb57c5f5b6156f446b3bc3b3c143d233037f3a2f00e279c8fcc64af
Port: <none>
Host Port: <none>
State: Running
Started: Fri, 29 Dec 2023 17:02:31 +0800
Ready: True
Restart Count: 0
Environment: <none>
Mounts:
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-q2gmj (ro)
Conditions:
Type Status
Initialized True
Ready True
ContainersReady True
PodScheduled True
Volumes:
kube-api-access-q2gmj:
Type: Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
TokenExpirationSeconds: 3607
ConfigMapName: kube-root-ca.crt
ConfigMapOptional: <nil>
DownwardAPI: true
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors: <none>
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events: <none>
查看Pods日誌
輸入kubetl logs <POD_NAME>查看Pod日誌記錄。
% kubectl logs kubernetes-bootcamp-f95c5b745-ckkdz
Kubernetes Bootcamp App Started At: 2023-12-29T09:02:31.752Z | Running On: kubernetes-bootcamp-f95c5b745-ckkdz
Running On: kubernetes-bootcamp-f95c5b745-ckkdz | Total Requests: 1 | App Uptime: 5009.598 seconds | Log Time: 2023-12-29T10:26:01.350Z
在Pod容器中執行命令
輸入kubectl exec <POD_NAME≫ -- <COMMAND>在Pod容器中執行命令，<COMMAND≫為要執行的命令。
例如輸入kubectl exec kubernetes-bootcamp-f95c5b745-ckkdz -- env在Pod kubernetes-bootcamp-f95c5b745-ckkdz的容器中執行env命令。
% kubectl exec kubernetes-bootcamp-f95c5b745-ckkdz -- env
HOME=/root
NODE_VERSION=6.3.1
NPM_CONFIG_LOGLEVEL=info
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT=443
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST=10.96.0.1
KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_ADDR=10.96.0.1
KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PORT=443
KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PROTO=tcp
KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP=tcp://10.96.0.1:443
KUBERNETES_PORT=tcp://10.96.0.1:443
KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT_HTTPS=443
HOSTNAME=kubernetes-bootcamp-f95c5b745-ckkdz
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
開啟Pod容器的bash
輸入kubectl exec -ti <POD_NAME> -- bash開啟/進入Pod容器的bash。
% kubectl exec -ti kubernetes-bootcamp-f95c5b745-ckkdz -- bash
root@kubernetes-bootcamp-f95c5b745-ckkdz:/#
開啟proxy
開啟新的終端機，輸入kubectl proxy開啟連接到Kubernates API server的proxy（代理），供本機可以透過proxy存取Kubernates API server，預設使用HTTP port 8001。
% kubectl proxy
Starting to serve on 127.0.0.1:8001
Kubernates API查看Pod資訊
輸入curl http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/default/pods/kubernetes-bootcamp-f95c5b745-ckkdz，透過curl發送URL到Kubernates API/api/v1/namespaces/default/pods/<POD_NAME>查看Pod kubernetes-bootcamp-f95c5b745-ckkdz的資訊。
% curl http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/default/pods/kubernetes-bootcamp-f95c5b745-ckkdz
{
"kind": "Pod",
"apiVersion": "v1",
"metadata": {
"name": "kubernetes-bootcamp-f95c5b745-ckkdz",
"generateName": "kubernetes-bootcamp-f95c5b745-",
"namespace": "default",
"uid": "0d57d35b-8eb6-4658-8f4c-adabb5bb7706",
"resourceVersion": "8855",
"creationTimestamp": "2023-12-29T09:02:20Z",
"labels": {
"app": "kubernetes-bootcamp",
"pod-template-hash": "f95c5b745"
},
"ownerReferences": [
{
"apiVersion": "apps/v1",
"kind": "ReplicaSet",
"name": "kubernetes-bootcamp-f95c5b745",
"uid": "6b03864b-5daf-46b7-a4e6-8eea74502042",
"controller": true,
"blockOwnerDeletion": true
}
],
"managedFields": [
{
"manager": "kube-controller-manager",
"operation": "Update",
"apiVersion": "v1",
"time": "2023-12-29T09:02:20Z",
"fieldsType": "FieldsV1",
"fieldsV1": {
"f:metadata": {
"f:generateName": {},
"f:labels": {
".": {},
"f:app": {},
"f:pod-template-hash": {}
},
"f:ownerReferences": {
".": {},
"k:{\"uid\":\"6b03864b-5daf-46b7-a4e6-8eea74502042\"}": {}
}
},
"f:spec": {
"f:containers": {
"k:{\"name\":\"kubernetes-bootcamp\"}": {
".": {},
"f:image": {},
"f:imagePullPolicy": {},
"f:name": {},
"f:resources": {},
"f:terminationMessagePath": {},
"f:terminationMessagePolicy": {}
}
},
"f:dnsPolicy": {},
"f:enableServiceLinks": {},
"f:restartPolicy": {},
"f:schedulerName": {},
"f:securityContext": {},
"f:terminationGracePeriodSeconds": {}
}
}
},
{
"manager": "kubelet",
"operation": "Update",
"apiVersion": "v1",
"time": "2023-12-29T09:02:31Z",
"fieldsType": "FieldsV1",
"fieldsV1": {
"f:status": {
"f:conditions": {
"k:{\"type\":\"ContainersReady\"}": {
".": {},
"f:lastProbeTime": {},
"f:lastTransitionTime": {},
"f:status": {},
"f:type": {}
},
"k:{\"type\":\"Initialized\"}": {
".": {},
"f:lastProbeTime": {},
"f:lastTransitionTime": {},
"f:status": {},
"f:type": {}
},
"k:{\"type\":\"Ready\"}": {
".": {},
"f:lastProbeTime": {},
"f:lastTransitionTime": {},
"f:status": {},
"f:type": {}
}
},
"f:containerStatuses": {},
"f:hostIP": {},
"f:phase": {},
"f:podIP": {},
"f:podIPs": {
".": {},
"k:{\"ip\":\"10.244.0.9\"}": {
".": {},
"f:ip": {}
}
},
"f:startTime": {}
}
},
"subresource": "status"
}
]
},
"spec": {
"volumes": [
{
"name": "kube-api-access-q2gmj",
"projected": {
"sources": [
{
"serviceAccountToken": {
"expirationSeconds": 3607,
"path": "token"
}
},
{
"configMap": {
"name": "kube-root-ca.crt",
"items": [
{
"key": "ca.crt",
"path": "ca.crt"
}
]
}
},
{
"downwardAPI": {
"items": [
{
"path": "namespace",
"fieldRef": {
"apiVersion": "v1",
"fieldPath": "metadata.namespace"
}
}
]
}
}
],
"defaultMode": 420
}
}
],
"containers": [
{
"name": "kubernetes-bootcamp",
"image": "gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1",
"resources": {},
"volumeMounts": [
{
"name": "kube-api-access-q2gmj",
"readOnly": true,
"mountPath": "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount"
}
],
"terminationMessagePath": "/dev/termination-log",
"terminationMessagePolicy": "File",
"imagePullPolicy": "IfNotPresent"
}
],
"restartPolicy": "Always",
"terminationGracePeriodSeconds": 30,
"dnsPolicy": "ClusterFirst",
"serviceAccountName": "default",
"serviceAccount": "default",
"nodeName": "minikube",
"securityContext": {},
"schedulerName": "default-scheduler",
"tolerations": [
{
"key": "node.kubernetes.io/not-ready",
"operator": "Exists",
"effect": "NoExecute",
"tolerationSeconds": 300
},
{
"key": "node.kubernetes.io/unreachable",
"operator": "Exists",
"effect": "NoExecute",
"tolerationSeconds": 300
}
],
"priority": 0,
"enableServiceLinks": true,
"preemptionPolicy": "PreemptLowerPriority"
},
"status": {
"phase": "Running",
"conditions": [
{
"type": "Initialized",
"status": "True",
"lastProbeTime": null,
"lastTransitionTime": "2023-12-29T09:02:20Z"
},
{
"type": "Ready",
"status": "True",
"lastProbeTime": null,
"lastTransitionTime": "2023-12-29T09:02:31Z"
},
{
"type": "ContainersReady",
"status": "True",
"lastProbeTime": null,
"lastTransitionTime": "2023-12-29T09:02:31Z"
},
{
"type": "PodScheduled",
"status": "True",
"lastProbeTime": null,
"lastTransitionTime": "2023-12-29T09:02:20Z"
}
],
"hostIP": "192.168.49.2",
"podIP": "10.244.0.9",
"podIPs": [
{
"ip": "10.244.0.9"
}
],
"startTime": "2023-12-29T09:02:20Z",
"containerStatuses": [
{
"name": "kubernetes-bootcamp",
"state": {
"running": {
"startedAt": "2023-12-29T09:02:31Z"
}
},
"lastState": {},
"ready": true,
"restartCount": 0,
"image": "gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1",
"imageID": "docker-pullable://gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp@sha256:0d6b8ee63bb57c5f5b6156f446b3bc3b3c143d233037f3a2f00e279c8fcc64af",
"containerID": "docker://34879d22314d40c087c21558114fd24d4eba1f7b4ceea5a1fdfeae77b5fe76b4",
"started": true
}
],
"qosClass": "BestEffort"
}
}
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