菜鳥工程師肉豬: Struts 1 使用Maven struts-archetype-blank建立專案 build struts1 project

2021年使用struts-archetype-blank Maven Archetype建立Apache Struts 1專案。

範例環境：

Windows 7 64bit
jdk 1.8

原本參考封存的Struts 1文件中的Maven指令如下已經失效，第一是因為mvn archetype:create命令在Maven 3已經廢棄(deprecated)。第二是struts-archetype-blank這超舊東西已經不存在Maven Central Repository。

$ mvn archetype:create                                \
      -DarchetypeGroupId=org.apache.struts            \
      -DarchetypeArtifactId=struts-archetype-blank    \
      -DarchetypeVersion=1.3.5                        \
      -DgroupId=com.example                           \
      -DpackageName=com.example.projectname           \
      -DartifactId=my-webapp

然後幸好在網路上找到struts-archetype-blank的svn source。使用
svn co http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/struts/maven/trunk/struts-archetype-blank
checkout到本機目錄（本範例為D:\）。

D:\>svn co http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/struts/maven/trunk/struts-archetype-blank

移動到checkout回來的struts-archetype-blank目錄，然後執行mvn install安裝到Maven Local repository（預設在本機的 ${user.home}\.m2），${user.home}是使用者資料夾，例如C:\Users\matt\.m2。

D:\struts-archetype-blank>mvn install
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] --------------< org.apache.struts:struts-archetype-blank >--------------
[INFO] Building Struts Archetypes - Blank 1.3.5-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
...
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ struts-archetype-blank ---
[INFO] Building jar: D:\struts-archetype-blank\target\struts-archetype-blank-1.3.5-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ struts-archetype-blank ---
[INFO] Installing D:\struts-archetype-blank\target\struts-archetype-blank-1.3.5-SNAPSHOT.jar to C:\Users\matt\.m2\repository\org\apache\struts\struts-archetype-blank\1.3.5-SNAPSHOT\struts-archetype-blank-1.3.5-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] Installing D:\struts-archetype-blank\pom.xml to C:\Users\matt\.m2\repository\org\apache\struts\struts-archetype-blank\1.3.5-SNAPSHOT\struts-archetype-blank-1.3.5-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  4.262 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2021-01-29T16:34:32+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

接著就可以用
mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeGroupId=org.apache.struts -DarchetypeArtifactId=struts-archetype-blank -DarchetypeVersion=1.3.5-SNAPSHOT -DgroupId=com.abc -DpackageName=com.abc.demo -DartifactId=struts1-demo
指令從struts-archetype-blank建立Struts 1專案。

D:>mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeGroupId=org.apache.struts -DarchetypeArtifactId=struts-archetype-blank -DarchetypeVersion=1.3.5-SNAPSHOT -DgroupId=com.abc -DpackageName=com.abc.demo -DartifactId=struts1-demo
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------< org.apache.maven:standalone-pom >-------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Stub Project (No POM) 1
[INFO] --------------------------------[ pom ]---------------------------------
...
Define value for property 'version' 1.0-SNAPSHOT: : 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] Using property: package = com.abc
Confirm properties configuration:
groupId: com.abc
artifactId: struts1-demo
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
package: com.abc
 Y: : y
...
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: D:\struts1-demo
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  05:27 min
[INFO] Finished at: 2021-01-29T16:49:00+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

專案的pom.xml內容如下。

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>com.abc</groupId>
   <artifactId>struts1-demo</artifactId>
   <packaging>war</packaging>
   <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>Struts Blank Archetype</name>
   <url>http://struts.apache.org/1.x</url>
   <dependencies>
       <dependency>
          <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
          <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
          <version>2.3</version>
          <scope>provided</scope>
       </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>junit</groupId>
         <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
         <version>3.8.1</version>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
         <artifactId>struts-core</artifactId>
         <version>1.3.5</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
         <artifactId>struts-taglib</artifactId>
         <version>1.3.5</version>
      </dependency>
      <!--dependency>
         <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
         <artifactId>struts-tiles</artifactId>
         <version>1.3.5</version>
      </dependency-->
      <!--dependency>
         <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
         <artifactId>struts-extras</artifactId>
         <version>1.3.5</version>
      </dependency-->

      <!--dependency>
         <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
         <artifactId>struts-el</artifactId>
         <version>1.3.5</version>
      </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
           <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
           <version>1.0.4</version>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
           <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
           <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
           <version>1.0.4</version>
       </dependency-->

   </dependencies>
   <build>
      <finalName>struts1-demo</finalName>
      <plugins>
          <plugin>
             <groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId>
             <artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId>
             <configuration>
                <container>
                   <containerId>tomcat5x</containerId>
                   <home>c:/java/apache-tomcat-5.5.17</home>
                   <log>target/tomcat5x.log</log>
                   <output>target/tomcat5x.out</output>
                </container>
                <configuration>
                   <home>target/tomcat5x</home>
                </configuration>
             </configuration>
          </plugin>
    		<plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                   <source>1.5</source>
                   <target>1.5</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
    		<plugin>
    			<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
    			<artifactId>maven-jetty-plugin</artifactId>
    			<version>6.0.1</version>
    			<configuration>
    				<scanIntervalSeconds>10</scanIntervalSeconds>
    			</configuration>
    		</plugin>
    	</plugins>
    </build>
   
   <!-- Uncomment in order to use Apache's Maven 2 snapshot repository
   <repositories>
      <repository>
         <id>apache.snapshots</id>
         <name>Apache Maven Repository (Snapshots and Test Builds)</name>
         <url>http://cvs.apache.org/maven-snapshot-repository</url>
         <releases><enabled>false</enabled></releases>
         <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
      </repository>
   </repositories>
   -->

</project>

參考github。

專案建立好後在專案根目錄struts1-demo輸入mvn jetty:run即可啟動專案。

D:\struts1-demo>mvn jetty:run
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[WARNING]
...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------< com.abc:struts1-demo >------------------------
[INFO] Building Struts Blank Archetype 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ war ]---------------------------------
...
[INFO] Configuring Jetty for project: Struts Blank Archetype
...
[INFO] Context path = /struts1-demo
...
[INFO] Starting jetty 6.0.1 ...
...
[INFO] Started Jetty Server
[INFO] Starting scanner at interval of 10 seconds.

在瀏覽器輸入http://localhost:8080/struts1-demo可進入歡迎頁面。

後來我在jdk 11的環境啟動專案並進入頁面時會出現下面錯誤。

org.apache.jasper.JasperException: PWC6033: Unable to compile class for JSP

PWC6199: Generated servlet error:
The type java.lang.String cannot be resolved. It is indirectly referenced from required .class files

PWC6199: Generated servlet error:
java.util.Vector cannot be resolved to a type

PWC6199: Generated servlet error:
_jspx_dependants cannot be resolved

原因應該是使用的Jetty版本太舊導致，把pom.xml中舊的org.mortbay.jetty:maven-jetty-plugin:6.0.1改為較新的org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-maven-plugin:9.4.36.v20210114即可解決。

<!-- <plugin>
    <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-jetty-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>6.0.1</version>
    <configuration>
        <scanIntervalSeconds>10</scanIntervalSeconds>
    </configuration>
</plugin> -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
    <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>9.4.36.v20210114</version>
    <configuration>
        <webApp>
            <contextPath>/struts1-demo</contextPath>
        </webApp>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

新的Jetty預設context path為/，輸入http://localhost:8080/struts1-demo會出現HTTP ERROR 404 Not Found頁面，所以要在jetty-maven-plugin的<contextPath>設定context path。

菜鳥工程師肉豬

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2021/1/29

Struts 1 使用Maven struts-archetype-blank建立專案 build struts1 project

pom.xml

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